Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the association of pain-related disability with biopsychosocial factors in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. The study was carried out at the Orofacial Pain Outpatient Clinic of the State University of Feira de Santana, Bahia, from September 2018 to March 2020. The sociodemographic aspects, TMD subtypes, presence of pain-induced disability, pressure pain threshold, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing were evaluated in 61 patients. The studied variables were compared between patients with and without pain-induced disability. Crude and adjusted logistic regression were performed to obtain estimates of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. With the exception of catastrophizing, there was no association between the biopsychosocial factors and pain-induced disability. The presence of catastrophizing increased the chance of having chronic pain-induced disability by 4.02 times. The results of this study indicate a strong association between pain catastrophizing and disability in individuals with chronic painful TMD.

Abstract Ceratocampinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is the second most diverse subfamily of Saturniidae with 300 species described in 30 genera from southern Canada to northern Argentina. Species of this subfamily are widely distributed in Southeast Brazil, with many endemics to the Cerrado, and important as indicators of ecosystem quality. Specimens of Ceratocampinae were collected in the Parque Estadual do Mirador, Maranhão state, Brazil. Adeloneivaia acuta (Schaus, 1896), Adeloneivaia schubarti Barros & O. Mielke, 1970, Eacles penelope (Cramer, 1775) and Megaceresa pulchra (Bouvier, 1923) are recorded for the first time in Maranhão state and Northeast Brazil and Eacles fairchildi May & Oiticica, 1941, only for Maranhão. The record of five Ceratocampinae (Saturniidae) species increases the knowledge on the diversity and the importance of preserving those of this subfamily in the Cerrado biome of Maranhão state and the Northeast region of Brazil.

Resumo Ceratocampinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) é a segunda subfamília mais diversa de Saturniidae com 300 espécies descritas em 30 gêneros do sul do Canadá ao norte da Argentina. Espécies desta subfamília estão amplamente distribuídas no Sudeste do Brasil, com muitas endêmicas do Cerrado e importantes como indicadores da qualidade do ecossistema. Espécimes de Ceratocampinae foram coletados no Parque Estadual do Mirador, estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Adeloneivaia acuta (Schaus, 1896), Adeloneivaia schubarti Barros & O. Mielke, 1970, Eacles penelope (Cramer, 1775) e Megaceresa pulchra (Bouvier, 1923) são registradas pela primeira vez no estado do Maranhão e Nordeste do Brasil e Eacles fairchildi May & Oiticica, 1941 apenas para o Maranhão. O registro de cinco espécies de Ceratocampinae (Saturniidae) aumenta o conhecimento sobre a diversidade e a importância da preservação das espécies dessa subfamília no bioma Cerrado maranhense e na região Nordeste do Brasil.

ABSTRACT Synthetic insecticides used in the management of the mealybug Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) can contaminate co-products from this plant. The use of Agave extracts and/or mineral oil is a sustainable alternative to reduce the residual effect of these chemicals in the palm production chain. The objective here was to determine the effectiveness of Agave genotype extracts applied alone or mixed with mineral oil against the cactus scale mealybug D. echinocacti. Two experiments were carried out to achieve this goal. The first one aimed to select the most promising Agave genotype extract concentration (CL80) to kill 80% of the first instar mobile nymphs of D. echinocacti (Experiment 1), and the second to determine the effectiveness of the selected extract against nymphs, pupae, and adults of different ages of this mealybug in laboratory and greenhouse (Experiment 2). The extract of the genotype Agave fourcroydes cv. Cabinho with lethal concentration (LC80) of 10.9 mL/10 mL is the most efficient in causing mortality of D. echinocacti. The lethal concentration of the A. fourcroydes cv. Cabinho killed 80% of the first instar motile nymphs and more than 74% of the nymphs, pupae, and adults of different ages of D. echinocacti in the laboratory and greenhouse followed by Agave sisalana cv. Tatuí 3. Furthermore, the mortality of this scale mealybug was higher with applications of mineral oil (Assist), alone or mixed with sisal extracts.

Aim To compare the profile and overall survival of young adults and elderly people diagnosed with SCC. Methods A retrospective study was carried out at a High Complexity Oncology Unit, between 2010 and 2016. A descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test and the Kaplan-Meier estimator were performed. The predictor variables were tested using the log-rank test and those with statistical significance and the literature were maintained for the Cox regression model. Results 282 cases of SCC were recorded, with only 12.4% diagnosed in young adults. The profile was similar between groups, with the majority of cases of the disease occurring in males, smokers and alcohol consumers. The lesions predominantly located on the tongue and were diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, resulting in 35.7% of deaths. The median survival time was 30 months in the elderly and 31 months in young people. In the multivariate analysis, age was not statistically significant, only staging and treatment were predictors of reduced overall survival. Conclusion Tumor staging, and treatment were prognostic factors for the disease.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como professores de Educação Física que atuam inspirados pelo currículo cultural abordam as diferenças em suas práticas pedagógicas. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com enfoque etnometodológico e norteado pela teoria queer. Participaram da pesquisa quatro professores de Educação Física do Colégio Pedro II. O método de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizaram-se os cinco conceitos-chave da etnometodologia como categorias a priori para auxiliar na compreensão e análise dos dados. Justifica-se este estudo em função dos vários caminhos didático-pedagógicos culturalmente orientados que impedem o devir da imprevisibilidade das diferenças. Concluímos que o aporte teórico queer potencializa o poder de reflexão e contestação do currículo cultural de Educação Física, pois evita que ações docentes a favor de identidades e grupos marginalizados se transformem em novos essencialismos. pedagógicas Tratase Trata qualitativo II semiestruturada Utilizaramse Utilizaram conceitoschave conceitos chave Justificase Justifica didáticopedagógicos didático pedagógicos essencialismos

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es comprender cómo los profesores de Educación Física que trabajan inspirados en el currículo cultural abordan las diferencias en sus prácticas pedagógicas. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque etnometodológico, guiado por la teoría queer. Participaron en la investigación cuatro profesores de Educación Física del Colegio Pedro II. El método de recogida de datos fue la entrevista semiestructurada. Los cinco conceptos clave de la etnometodología se utilizaron como categorías a priori para ayudar a comprender y analizar los datos. Este estudio se justifica por el hecho de que varias vías didáctico-pedagógicas culturalmente orientadas impiden el devenir de la imprevisibilidad de las diferencias. Concluimos que el aporte teórico queer potencia el poder de reflexión y contestación del currículo cultural de la Educación Física, porque evita que las acciones docentes a favor de las identidades y grupos marginados se conviertan en nuevos esencialismos. pedagógicas cualitativo etnometodológico II semiestructurada didácticopedagógicas didáctico esencialismos

Abstract The objective of this study is to understand how Physical Education teachers who work inspired by the cultural curriculum approach the differences in their pedagogical practices. This is a qualitative study, with an ethnomethodological approach and guided by queer theory. Four Physical Education teachers from Colégio Pedro II participated in the research. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview. The five key concepts of ethnomethodology were used as a priori categories to help understand and analyze the data. This study is justified by the fact that several culturally oriented didactic-pedagogical paths impede the becoming of unpredictability of differences. We conclude that the queer theoretical framework enhances the power of reflection and contestation of the cultural curriculum of Physical Education, because it prevents that teaching actions in favor of marginalized identities and groups become new essentialisms. practices theory research semistructured semi structured interview didacticpedagogical didactic essentialisms

Resumen Introducción: Los inventarios son fundamentales para la gestión forestal, pero en la Amazonía la ausencia de estandarización produce pérdida de información, baja precisión y mediciones inconsistentes. Esto impide comparaciones válidas y compromete el uso de información en redes y programas. El tamaño de la unidad de muestreo es de importancia clave en el inventario de bosques nativos, particularmente en lo que respecta a la precisión y los costos. Objetivo: Identificar un tamaño de parcela que proporcione una precisión adecuada para los parámetros dendrométricos en la Amazonía. Métodos: En Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso, Brasil, probamos cuatro tamaños de parcela con seis repeticiones cada una: 2 500, 5 000, 7 500 y 10 000 m². Medimos diámetro a la altura del pecho, densidad de población, área basal y biomasa. Se aplicaron los índices de Shannon y Jaccard; Funciones Weibull 2P y Gamma para adaptarse a la distribución diametral; y el Criterio de Información de Akaike para el mejor modelo. Resultados: Hubo una relación directamente proporcional entre el área de parcela y la similitud poblacional, pero la diversidad no indicó alteraciones significativas. El tamaño de la parcela no afectó los atributos dendrológicos y la distribución diametral. Las áreas de parcela más grandes dieron lugar a coeficientes de variación más bajos e intervalos de confianza más pequeños. La función Gamma fue el mejor modelo para representar las distribuciones de diferentes tamaños de parcela. Conclusiones: Para bosques similares, recomendamos la parcela de 2 500 m² para evaluar diámetro a la altura del pecho, densidad de población, área basal y biomasa.

Abstract Introduction: Inventories are essential for forest management, but, in the Amazon region, the absence of standardization produces information loss, low accuracy, and inconsistent measurements. This prevents valid comparisons and compromises the use of information in networks and software. Sampling unit size is of key importance in the inventory of native forests, particularly regarding accuracy and costs. Objective: To identify a plot size that provides adequate precision for dendrometric parameters in the Amazon. Methods: In Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso, Brazil, we tested four plot sizes with six repetitions each: 2 500, 5 000, 7 500, and 10 000 m². We measured diameter at breast height, population density, basal area, and biomass. We applied Shannon and Jaccard indexes; Weibull 2P and Gamma functions to fit the diametric distribution; and the Akaike Information Criterion for the best model. Results: There was a directly proportional relationship between plot area and population similarity, but diversity did not indicate significant alterations. Plot size did not affect dendrometric attributes and diametric distribution. Larger plot areas led to lower coefficients of variation and smaller confidence intervals. The Gamma function was the best model to represent the distributions of different plot sizes. Conclusions: For similar forests, we recommend the 2 500 m² plot to evaluate diameter at breast height, population density, basal area, and biomass.

Resumen: Introducción: La atención humanizada requiere la interacción entre los conocimientos científicos y los valores, generando la necesidad de particularizar los cuidados, siendo esta una actividad esencial en enfermería. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción que tienen los usuarios hospitalizados respecto del cuidado humanizado que reciben por parte de las profesionales de enfermería. Metodología: Se desarrolló una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional y de corte transversal, que incluyó a los usuarios hospitalizados en los Servicios Clínicos de Medicina, Cirugía, Pensionado y representantes legales de pacientes menores de 18 años en Pediatría, de un hospital público ubicado en el sur de Chile, con una muestra de 377 participantes. Posterior a aplicación de consentimiento informado, se aplicó una caracterización sociodemográfica y el instrumento Percepción de Comportamientos de Cuidado Humanizado de Enfermería - versión 3, con adaptación transcultural para la población chilena, el cual fue complementado con otros datos pertinentes a los objetivos de la investigación. Resultados: Se encontró que las personas participantes en su mayoría reconocieron al profesional de enfermería por el uniforme, y pese a existir algunas diferencias en cada servicio, refirieron satisfacción con el cuidado recibido (84,6 %). Aspectos como la edad, el tiempo de hospitalización y el reconocimiento del personal de enfermería, evidenciaron relación estadística con la satisfacción. Conclusiones: Se requiere implementar estrategias para fortalecer la percepción del cuidado humanizado de enfermería, siendo estos aspectos una contribución para la construcción de un clima y cultura organizacional que evidencien esta perspectiva de cuidado.

Abstract: Introduction: Humanized care requires the interaction between scientific knowledge and values, generating the need to particularize care, which is an essential activity in nursing. Objective: To analyze the perception of hospitalized users regarding the humanized care they receive from nursing professionals. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional research was carried out, which included hospitalized users in the Clinical Services of Medicine, Surgery, Private, and legal representatives of patients under 18 years of age in Pediatrics, of a public hospital located in the south of Chile, with a sample of 377 participants. After the application of informed consent, it was applied a sociodemographic characterization as well as the instrument Perception of Humanized Nursing Care Behaviors - Version 3, with transcultural adaptation for the Chilean population, which was complemented with other data pertinent to the objectives of the research. Results: It was found that most of the participants recognized the nursing professional by the uniform, and despite some differences in each service, they reported satisfaction with the care received (84.6%). Aspects such as age, length of hospitalization and recognition of the nursing staff showed a statistical relation with satisfaction. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement strategies to strengthen the perception of humanized nursing care, being these aspects a contribution to the construction of an organizational climate and culture that evidences this perspective of care.

Resumo: Introdução: Uma atenção humanizada requer a interação entre saberes científicos e valores, gerando a necessidade de particularização ou cuidado, sendo essa uma atividade essencial na enfermagem. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção que os usuários hospitalizados têm sobre o atendimento humanizado que recebem dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: Es uma investigação quantitativa, descritiva, correlacional e transversal, que incluiu os usuários hospitalizados nos Serviços de Medicina, Cirurgia, Pensionista e representantes legais de pacientes menores de 18 anos em Pediatria, de um hospital público localizado no sul do Chile, com uma amostra de 377 participantes, Após a aplicação do consentimento informado, foi aplicada uma caracterização sociodemográfica e foi aplicado o instrumento Percepção de Comportamentos de Assistência Humanizada de Enfermagem - versão 3, com adaptação transcultural para a população chilena, ou que foi complementado com outros dados pertinentes aos objetivos da pesquisa. Resultados: Verificou-se que os participantes, em sua maioria, reconheciam ou profissionais de enfermagem pelo uniforme e, apesar da existência de algumas diferenças em cada Serviço, relatam sentir-se satisfeitos com o atendimento recebido (84,6 %). Aspectos como a idade, tempo de internação e reconhecimento da equipe de enfermagem apresentam relação estatística com a satisfação. Conclusões: É necessário implementar estratégias que fortaleçam a percepção do cuidado humanizado de enfermagem, sendo esses aspectos uma contribuição para a construção de um clima e cultura organizacional que demonstrem essa perspectiva de cuidado.

Abstract This study analysed the integrity of welded joints of a UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel, using different welding energies: 0.5 kJ.mm-1, 1.0 kJ.mm-1, and 3.5 kJ.mm-1. Microstructural characterisation, tensile testing, intergranular attack susceptibility testing (ASTM A262 practice A) and pitting/crevice corrosion resistance tests (critical pitting temperature test, ASTM G48 practice C) were performed in these welded joints. The results showed that the tensile properties of the welded joints did not vary significantly with the welding energy. The microstructure's ferrite content in the molten zone (MZ) was proportional to the welding energy: the ferrite concentration in the 0.5 kJ.mm-1 weldings was approximately 75%. When the welding energy increased to 3.5 kJ.mm-1, the amount of ferrite dropped to 54%. The 3.5 kJ.mm-1 welded joint featured a comparatively higher proportion of coarser austenite grains. The HAZ of the 3.5 kJ.mm-1 welded joint was comparatively more susceptible to the intergranular attack along the α/γ interfaces, while in the base metal and the other two welded joints, the intergranular attack along the α/γ interfaces was not prominent. Additionally, the pitting corrosion took place preferentially in the ferrite phase of the HAZ for all welding conditions.

Abstract Aim: This study aims to analyze the perceptions of women who hold leadership positions in sports on female participation as the head coach of the Brazilian women's handball national team. Method: We offer a qualitative case study. The collected data was through in-depth elite interviews. The interviewees’ responses were analyzed and interpreted using the construction of categories. Results: The finds show perceptions of the categorization process. Three main categories emerged: 1) Prejudice. The interviewees affirm that the prejudice within the sport has been decreasing over the years. But it remains latent and continues to make difficult the continuity and rise of women in sports. 2) Professional and personal life. The interviewees affirm that Brazil is still a macho country, and even at a lower level, prejudice still exists in the universe of sports. The sport is known as a territory where men produce and demonstrate their masculinity; this favors the perception that coaches are usually men, having specific questions about the women's competence in that position, and that only men would be able to run teams. 3) Competence. The conciliation between family and professional life is a delicate situation, promotes conflicts, and does not favor the rise of women in positions of command. Nevertheless, the difficulty of reconciling personal and professional life, especially in high-performance sports, is necessary to leave home for extended periods for training or competition. Conclusion: The prejudice still is present despite its reduction over the years. The men domain the sports career, and for women, it is necessary to face the glass ceiling and prove their capacity constantly. Women's access to head coach teams, such as the Brazilian adult women's handball national team, is still a significant challenge.

Resumen Introducción: La formación de pregrado en enfermería requiere del desarrollo de prácticas pedagógicas en las que se incorporen aspectos que permitan fomentar sus características como profesión, disciplina y arte. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de la evaluación realizada a un grupo de estudiantes de enfermería respecto a experiencias formativas en el contexto de una asignatura donde se aborda el cuidado de personas mayores en una universidad pública en la Región de Los Lagos en Chile. Metodología: Se implementó una pauta de valoración clínica con el uso de lenguaje estandarizado y el desarrollo de un trabajo artístico; al finalizar la asignatura se desarrolló la evaluación cuanti-cualitativa de dicha experiencia, a través de un cuestionario y la realización de grupos focales y entrevistas individuales. De un curso de 22 estudiantes, 18 respondieron el cuestionario y 8 participaron en grupos focales y entrevistas individuales. Resultados: La experiencia en general fue valorada positivamente por los estudiantes, se evidenció que el 80 % refirió que la pauta de valoración empleada facilitó la aplicación del proceso de enfermería. Respecto del trabajo artístico se apreciaron las estrategias metodológicas que permitieron el desarrollo de este y el aporte que el trabajo representó para la gestión del cuidado, la asignatura y los ámbitos personales. Discusión: Se evidencia los aportes que podría tener la metodología empleada en aspectos como la resolución de problemas relacionados con la implementación del lenguaje estandarizado en el ejercicio profesional y la formación de las competencias del ser. Conclusiones: Se requiere incorporar prácticas pedagógicas en la formación de enfermería que potencien tanto el fortalecimiento disciplinar como las competencias del ser.

Abstract Introduction: Undergraduate nursing training requires the development of pedagogical practices in which aspects are incorporated to promote its characteristics as a profession, discipline, and art. Objective: To analyze the educational experiences in a group of nursing students on the subject of elderly care at a public university in the Los Lagos Region in Chile. Methodology: A clinical assessment guideline was implemented with the use of standardized language and the development of an artistic assignment; at the end of the course, the quantitative-qualitative evaluation of the experience was developed, through a questionnaire and the carrying out of focus groups and individual interviews. Of the 22 students in the course, 18 answered the questionnaire and 8 participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Results: The overall experience was positively valued by the students; it was evidenced that 80% reported that the assessment guideline used facilitated the application of the nursing process. Regarding the artistic work, the methodological strategies that allowed its development were appreciated, plus the contribution of the work represented for the management of care, the subject and personal areas. Discussion: The contributions that the methodology used could benefit by: solving problems related to the implementation of standardized language in professional practice and the formation of the competencies of being, are evident. Conclusions: It is necessary to incorporate pedagogical practices in nursing training that enhance both disciplinary strengthening and the competencies of being.

Resumen Introducción: Las instituciones escolares son espacios en los que se requiere la incursión del profesional de enfermería con el fin de fortalecer actividades de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. A esto se suman actividades asistenciales de cuidado específico cuando se abordan escolares con necesidades especiales. Objetivo: Analizar la necesidad de cuidados de enfermería en escolares con necesidades especiales en una institución educativa ubicada en el sur de Chile, según la teoría del déficit del autocuidado de Dorothea Orem y taxonomía diagnósticas de enfermería. Metodología: Se tomó como base un registro anonimizado que contenía las características generales y de salud de 35 escolares con necesidades especiales, además del promedio de actividades de cuidado que se les realizó durante seis meses. Los datos se analizaron en forma cuantitativa descriptiva, y mediante su relación con la teoría del déficit del autocuidado de Dorothea Orem, y taxonomías diagnósticas de enfermería. Resultados: Se evidenció en estudiantes diferentes condiciones complejas de salud que requerían en su mayoría sistemas parcial o totalmente compensatorios, al igual que diversas necesidades de cuidado no abordadas frente a problemas reales o de riesgo. Discusión: Es evidente la necesidad de contar con profesionales de enfermería para abordar en forma integral tanto a estudiantes como a la comunidad educativa. Conclusiones: La presencia de profesionales de enfermería en establecimientos educativos permite brindar cuidados complejos, seguros y de calidad, que se logran gracias a la aplicación de sus fundamentos disciplinares.

Abstract Introduction: Educational institutions are spaces in which the incursion of the nursing professional is required to strengthen health promotion and disease prevention activities. Additionally, specific care assistance activities are included when schoolchildren with special needs are present. Objective: To analyze the need of nursing care in schoolchildren with special needs in an educational institution located in southern Chile, according to the self-care deficit theory of Dorothea Orem and nursing diagnostic taxonomies. Methodology: An anonymized registry containing the general and health characteristics of 35 schoolchildren with special needs was taken as a basis, in addition to the average care activities that were carried out for 6 months. The data were analyzed in a descriptive quantitative way, and through its relation to Dorothea Orem's self-care deficit theory, and nursing diagnostic taxonomies. Results: Different complex health conditions were evidenced in the students that mostly required partially or fully compensatory systems, as well as various unaddressed care needs facing real problems or risks. Discussion: The need for nursing professionals is evidenced to comprehensively address both students and the educational community. Conclusions: The presence of nursing professionals in educational establishments allows for the provision of complex, safe, and quality care, that are achieved thanks to the application of its disciplinary fundamentals.

Resumen Para dar cuenta de la revisión integradora de literatura sobre el concepto de vulnerabilidad desde la bioética se analizó un corpus de 60 artículos publicados en español, inglés y portugués. Esto permitió identificar las tendencias temáticas: riesgo, susceptibilidad, autonomía y cultura en personas y comunidades; la aproximación metodológica ha sido mayormente desde un enfoque cualitativo; las disciplinas que más abordaron el concepto pertenecen a las ciencias humanas y sociales; los autores recomiendan realizar estudios del concepto desde la perspectiva de las personas y que los comités de ética revisen el consentimiento informado y las guías de información de acuerdo con estos resultados. Las categorías dan paso al concepto de vulnerabilidades, que en la bioética debe ser analizado más allá del principialismo.

Resumo Para dar conta da revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o conceito de vulnerabilidade a partir da bioética, foi analisado um corpus de 60 artigos publicados em espanhol, inglês e português. Isso permitiu identificar tendências temáticas: risco, suscetibilidade, autonomia e cultura em pessoas e comunidades. A abordagem metodológica foi predominantemente qualitativa; por sua vez, as disciplinas que mais abordaram o conceito pertencem às ciências humanas e sociais. Os autores recomendam a realização de estudos do conceito na perspectiva das pessoas e que os comitês de ética avaliem o consentimento informado e as orientações de acordo com esses resultados. As categorias permitem formular o conceito de vulnerabilidades, o qual, na bioética, deve ser analisado para além do principialismo.

Abstract A corpus of 60 articles published in Spanish, English, and Portuguese was analyzed to account for the integrative literature review on the concept of vulnerability from bioethics, identifying the following thematic trends: risk, susceptibility, autonomy, and culture in people and communities. The methodological approach has been mainly qualitative. We found that the disciplines that most addressed the concept belong to the human and social sciences. The authors recommend conducting studies of the concept from people's perspectives and that ethics committees review the informed consent and information guides according to these results. The categories give way to the concept of vulnerability, which must be analyzed beyond principlism in bioethics.

Abstract Based on the case of the province of Bogotá, this article argues that in the early republican period in Colombia there was a government effort to establish and formalize the ordinary justice in charge, among other functions, of criminal trials. In this context, the principle of division of powers was a novelty, and such changes began to take place within a judicial continuity still based on the Castilian legal culture of the viceroyalty of New Granada. Likewise, there were still material limitations so that the budding State could sustain a national judicial apparatus. A consequence of this was the importance that the municipal mayors of the cantons acquired as judges of first instance, as well as the competition conflicts that arose during the period. Legal and constitucional sources, government reports and archival documents were consulted for the investigation.

Resumen A partir del caso de la provincia de Bogotá, este artículo argumenta que en el periodo republicano temprano en Colombia hubo un esfuerzo gubernamental por establecer y formalizar la justicia ordinaria encargada, entre otras funciones, de los juicios criminales. En este contexto el principio de división de poderes resultaba una novedad, y tales cambios comenzaron a tener lugar dentro de una continuidad judicial desarrollada todavía a partir de la cultura jurídica castellana del virreinato de la Nueva Granada. Asimismo aún existían limitaciones materiales para que el Estado en ciernes pudiera sostener un aparato judicial con alcance nacional. Entre las consecuencias de esa situación estuvo la importancia que adquirieron los alcaldes municipales de los cantones como jueces de primera instancia, así como los conflictos de competencia suscitados durante el periodo. Para la investigación se consultaron fuentes constitucionales y legales, informes gubernamentales y documentos de archivo.

Resumen La ley de derechos y deberes de los usuarios en salud, promulgada en Chile en 2012, ha llevado a posicionar el proceso de consentimiento informado como un aspecto importante para el respeto de su autonomía. Por este motivo, resulta pertinente evaluar los conocimientos que tiene el personal médico respecto de esta temática, especialmente en el área quirúrgica. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en 90 médicos especialistas del área quirúrgica en un hospital público de alta complejidad, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar sus conocimientos sobre el consentimiento informado. Se encontró que el 76,6 % de los encuestados tenía un nivel de conocimiento deficiente, lo cual crea un escenario en el que se pueden vulnerar los derechos de los usuarios.

Abstract The Patients’ Rights and Duties Act, promulgated in Chile in 2012, has made the informed consent process a critical step to respect the patient’s autonomy. It is then relevant to test health workers’ knowledge of the subject, especially in the surgery department. We carried out a quantitative study on 90 specialists from the surgery department in a public tertiary hospital, to whom a questionnaire was administered to test their knowledge of informed consent. We found that 76.6 % of the respondents have a low level of knowledge, creating a setting in which patients’ rights can be violated.

Resumo A lei de direitos e deveres dos usuários em saúde, promulgada no Chile em 2012, tem posicionado o processo de consentimento informado como aspecto importante para o respeito de sua autonomia. Por esse motivo, é pertinente avaliar o conhecimento que a equipe médica tem sobre essa temática, especialmente na área cirúrgica. Foi realizado estudo quantitativo com 90 médicos especialistas da área cirúrgica em um hospital público de alta complexidade, aos quais foi aplicado questionário para avaliar seu conhecimento sobre o consentimento informado. Foi constatado que 76,6 % dos entrevistados tinham nível de conhecimento deficiente, o que cria um cenário no qual podem ser violados os direitos dos usuários.

ABSTRACT Caligo teucer (Linnaeus, 1758) is widely distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador. The objective was to study biological aspects of Caligo teucer japetus Stichel, 1903 with banana leaves, Musa sapientium L. (Zingiberales: Musaceae), in the butterfly garden, under environmental conditions, and in the laboratory of biological control of insects at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil at 24 ± 2 oC, 68 ± 10% relative humidity and 12 hours photophase. The duration of the egg incubation, larvae, pupa and egg to adult periods of C. teucer japetus were, respectively, 11.8 ± 0.1; 53.9 ± 0.9; 17.9 ± 0.3 and 82.6 ± 1.0 days for females, and 11.8 ± 0.1; 50.3 ± 0.6; 18.4 ± 0.3 and 79.4 ± 0.6 days for males in cages in the laboratory. The longevity of C. teucer japetus adults was 26.0 ± 10.4 and 47.5 ± 8.7 for females and 24.7 ± 3.5 and 35.4 ± 15.7 for males in the butterfly garden and in laboratory cages, respectively. The high survival and the relatively short period of development of its immature stages confirm that banana leaves are an adequate food substrate for the development and survival of Caligo teucer japetus.